Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an advanced ultrasound method for examining the heart, providing detailed insight into the structure and function of the heart chambers, valves, and major blood vessels. With the introduction of 3D and 4D technology, this method has been significantly improved, offering more precise and realistic images of the heart than ever before.
At Dr Mačkić Clinic, modern 3D/4D transesophageal echocardiography is now available, enabling high-level diagnostics of numerous heart diseases with maximum patient safety and comfort.
What is 3D and 4D TEE?
Unlike standard cardiac ultrasound (transthoracic examination), TEE is performed using a probe that is inserted through the esophagus, which provides a much closer and clearer view of the heart.
3D and 4D technology enables:
- three-dimensional visualization of cardiac structures
- real-time visualization of valve movement
- precise assessment of heart anatomy and function
4D echocardiography essentially represents real-time 3D imaging, which is particularly useful in complex heart diseases.
Advantages of 3D/4D transesophageal echocardiography
- exceptionally precise visualization of the heart valves (mitral, aortic, tricuspid)
- better assessment of the severity of valvular diseases
- detailed analysis of structures that are difficult to visualize with standard ultrasound
- precise planning of interventions (surgical and catheter-based)
- detection of thrombi and infections (endocarditis)
- assessment of congenital heart defects (e.g., PFO, ASD)
When is a TEE examination recommended?
Your cardiologist may recommend transesophageal echocardiography in the following situations:
- suspected heart valve disease (e.g., mitral regurgitation or aortic stenosis)
- assessment of the cause of stroke (ruling out thrombus or PFO)
- diagnosis of infective endocarditis
- assessment before cardiac surgery or interventional procedures
- unclear findings on standard cardiac ultrasound
- suspected thrombus in the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation
What does the examination look like?
The TEE examination is performed under controlled conditions, with local anesthesia of the throat and, if needed, mild sedation. The probe is carefully introduced through the esophagus, and the examination itself usually lasts 10–20 minutes.
View of the 3D/4D TEE probe used to perform the examination
During the examination, the patient does not feel pain, only possible mild discomfort, while the medical team continuously monitors the patient’s condition.
Is the examination safe?
Transesophageal echocardiography is a safe and routine method used daily in modern cardiology. Complications are extremely rare, and the examination is performed under the supervision of an experienced cardiologist.
Why choose Dr Mačkić Clinic?
At Dr Mačkić Clinic, we use one of the most advanced ultrasound systems with 3D and 4D capabilities, enabling top-level diagnostics comparable to leading European centers.
- modern 3D/4D technology
- experienced cardiology team
- quick appointment availability
- individual approach to every patient
Siemens Acuson Origin AI device used to perform the most advanced TEE examination at Dr Mačkić Clinic
Our goal is to provide patients with an accurate diagnosis and an optimal treatment plan in the shortest possible time.
Conclusion
3D and 4D transesophageal echocardiography represents the pinnacle of modern heart diagnostics. Thanks to this technology, it is possible to detect and precisely assess numerous heart diseases at an early stage, which directly affects treatment selection and treatment outcomes.
If you have symptoms or have been advised to undergo a detailed heart examination, at Dr Mačkić Clinic you can have a complete cardiological evaluation, including the most advanced TEE examination.
References
- ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (2021)
- EACVI Recommendations for the use of echocardiography in valvular heart disease (2023)
- ASE Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transesophageal Echocardiographic Examination (2020)
- EACVI Position Paper on 3D Echocardiography (European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging)